Compare El Salvador (2002) - Sao Tome and Principe (2003)

Compare El Salvador (2002) z Sao Tome and Principe (2003)

	El Salvador (2002)	Sao Tome and Principe (2003)

Administrative divisions	14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan	2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
Age structure	0-14 years: 37.4% (male 1,211,156; female 1,162,317) 15-64 years: 57.5% (male 1,735,744; female 1,922,395) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 144,864; female 177,205) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 47.7% (male 42,480; female 41,411) 15-64 years: 48.3% (male 41,043; female 43,986) 65 years and over: 4% (male 3,197; female 3,766) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products	cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish
Airports	83 (2001)	2 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 78 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 61 (2002)	-
Area	total: 21,040 sq km land: 20,720 sq km water: 320 sq km	total: 1,001 sq km land: 1,001 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Massachusetts	more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Background	El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.	Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy.
Birth rate	28.3 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	41.87 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.1 billion expenditures: $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.) (2001 est.)	revenues: $58 million expenditures: $114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.)
Capital	San Salvador	Sao Tome
Climate	tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands	tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Coastline	307 km	209 km
Constitution	23 December 1983	approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador conventional short form: El Salvador local long form: Republica de El Salvador local short form: El Salvador	conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
Currency	Salvadoran colon (SVC); US dollar (USD)	dobra (STD)
Death rate	6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$4.9 billion (2001 est.)	$253.8 million (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Rose M. LIKINS embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Urbanizacion Santa Elena, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023 telephone: [503] 278-4444 FAX: [503] 278-6011	the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco	Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone [1] (212) 317-0580
Disputes - international	El Salvador claims tiny Conejo Island off Honduras in the Golfo de Fonseca; many of the "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary remain undemarcated despite ICJ adjudication in 1992; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required	none
Economic aid - recipient	total $252 million; $57 million from US (1999 est.)	$200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program
Economy - overview	El Salvador is a struggling Central American economy which has been suffering from a weak tax collection system, factory closings, the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch of 1998 and the devastating earthquakes of early 2001, and weak world coffee prices. On the bright side, in recent years inflation has fallen to single digit levels, and total exports have grown substantially. The trade deficit has been offset by remittances (an estimated $1.6 billion in 2000) from Salvadorans living abroad and by external aid. As of 1 January 2001, the US dollar was made legal tender alongside the colon. Growth in 2002 will depend largely on the speed of recovery in the US.	This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 28 years ago. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices brighten prospects for 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic that substantial petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea; production could begin as early as 2004.
Electricity - consumption	4.07 billion kWh (2000)	15.81 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	112 million kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	750 million kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	3.69 billion kWh (2000)	17 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 42% hydro: 36% nuclear: 0% other: 22% (2000)	fossil fuel: 41.2% hydro: 58.8% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes	deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9%	mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Exchange rates	Salvadoran colones per US dollar - 8.750 (fixed since January 2001), 8.755 (fixed rate since 1993) note: since January 2001 the US dollar has also become legal tender; the exchange rate has been fixed at 8.75 colones per US dollar	dobras per US dollar - NA (2002), 8,842.11 (2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999), 6,883.24 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004) election results: Francisco FLORES Perez elected president; percent of vote - Francisco FLORES (ARENA) 52%, Facundo GUARDADO (FMLN) 29%, Ruben ZAMORA (CD) 7.5%, other (no individual above 3%) 11.5%	chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Maria das NEVES (since 7 October 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held NA July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA%
Exports	$2.9 billion (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity	cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil
Exports - partners	US 65%, Guatemala 11%, Honduras 8%, EU 5% (2000)	Netherlands 30.1%, Poland 11.8%, Canada 9.7%, Germany 7.5%, Philippines 7.5%, Spain 7.5%, Belgium 6.5%, France 4.3%, Portugal 4.3% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band	three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP	purchasing power parity - $28.4 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $200 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 10% industry: 30% services: 60% (2000) (2000)	agriculture: 25% industry: 10% services: 65% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $4,600 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	1.4% (2001 est.)	4% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 50 N, 88 55 W	1 00 N, 7 00 E
Geography - note	smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea	the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous
Heliports	1 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 10,029 km paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways) unpaved: 8,043 km (1997)	total: 320 km paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 39% (2001) (2001)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise	-
Imports	$5 billion (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity	machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products
Imports - partners	US 50%, Guatemala 10%, EU 7%, Mexico 5%, (2000)	Portugal 51.4%, Germany 10.1%, UK 7.6%, Belgium 6.3% (2002)
Independence	15 September 1821 (from Spain)	12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate	3% (2001 est.)	NA%
Industries	food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals	light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber
Infant mortality rate	27.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 46.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 48.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 43.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.8% (2001 est.)	9% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	4 (2000)	1 (2002)
Irrigated land	360 sq km (1998 est.)	100 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly)	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)
Labor force	2.35 million (1999) (1999)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.)	population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing note: shortages of skilled workers
Land boundaries	total: 545 km border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 27.27% permanent crops: 12.11% other: 60.62% (1998 est.)	arable land: 2% permanent crops: 41% other: 57% (1998 est.)
Languages	Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)	Portuguese (official)
Legal system	based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FMLN 31, ARENA 27, PCN 16, PDC 5, CD 5	unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.32 years male: 66.72 years female: 74.11 years (2002 est.)	total population: 66.28 years male: 64.79 years female: 67.82 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 71.5% male: 73.5% female: 69.8% (1995 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79.3% male: 85% female: 62% (1991 est.)
Location	Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras	Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 200 NM	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 78,595 GRT/99,873 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 15, chemical tanker 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Egypt 1, Greece 1, Kenya 1, Portugal 1, Syria 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force	Army, Navy, Security Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$112 million (FY99)	$400,000 (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.7% (FY99)	0.8% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,500,712 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 36,905 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 951,715 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 19,443 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 68,103 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 15 September (1821)	Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Nationality	noun: Salvadoran(s) adjective: Salvadoran	noun: Sao Tomean(s) adjective: Sao Tomean
Natural hazards	known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes	NA
Natural resources	hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land	fish, hydropower
Net migration rate	-3.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-2.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; Democratic Convergence or CD [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general] (includes Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO, leader); Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]	Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI	NA
Population	6,353,681 (July 2002 est.)	175,883 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	48% (1999 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	1.83% (2002 est.)	3.18% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo	Santo Antonio, Sao Tome
Radio broadcast stations	AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002)
Radios	2.75 million (1997)	-
Railways	total: 562 km narrow gauge: 562 km 0.914-m gauge note: length of operational route is reduced to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2001 est.)	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic 83% note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador	Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System	general assessment: adequate facilities domestic: minimal system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	380,000 (1998)	4,600 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	40,163 (1997)	6,942 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	5 (1997)	2 (2002)
Terrain	mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau	volcanic, mountainous
Total fertility rate	3.29 children born/woman (2002 est.)	5.88 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	10% (2001 est.)	NA%
Waterways	Rio Lempa partially navigable	none

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